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Nanomedicine aims to design nanocarriers to deliver drug into targeted tissues and cells. These drug delivery systems are applied to many fields of therapy and/or diagnosis. Their design, preparation and evaluation are related to the development of new methodologies and experimental models. Biomolecules such as peptides, proteins and nucleic acids need specific attention for their development. They could benefit from being associated to nanocarriers to protect and deliver them to their site of action. They can also be utilized to functionalize the nanocarriers for active targeting and enhanced internalization. The concept of “green nanomedicine” has recently emerged with the aims to reduce toxicity for patients and protect the environment. It concerns the active ingredients that can be natural molecules (from plants, bacteria) or obtained by green synthesis. Other research axes aim to develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective process (with e.g., solvent alternatives, energy optimization) to produce the nanomedicines.